Barium studies are performed under x-ray screening/fluoroscopy and appropriate spot films taken for detailed evaluation.

Barium sulphate, suspended in water, is used as a contrast medium to evaluate the gastro-intestinal tract.  It often contains a flavouring agent.  Barium is not absorbed in the GIT and an allergic reaction to barium is virtually unheard of.  Air, carbon dioxide or methyl cellulose is often used in combination with barium to create a double contrast study.
 
Water soluble contrast media are used in exceptional cases, for example in suspected bowel perforation.

Studies are usually performed on an outpatient bases.
 
No sedation necessary for the study, but Buscopan, a bowel relaxing agent, is sometimes injected during the study.
 
You may continue with normal daily routine after completion of study.

Used to evaluate the pharynx and gullet, especially in patients experiencing difficulty in swallowing, heart burn, chest pain, and other chest or upper abdominal symptoms.

Used for the evaluation of the stomach and first part of the small bowel (duodenum), e.g. in patients presenting with dyspepsia, iron deficiency, upper abdominal pain, and other upper abdominal symptoms.

Used for the evaluation of the small bowel (jejunum and ileum), e.g. in patients presenting with mal-absorption, inflammatory bowel disease, e.g. Crohn’s disease.
Barium is often used with a double contrast agent and can be taken per mouth or administered via a catheter inserted through the nose or mouth into the small bowel (small bowel enema).

For evaluation of the large bowel (colon), e.g. in patients with abdominal discomfort, altered bowel habits, iron deficiency, evidence of blood in the stools, chronic diarrhea, unexplained weight loss etc.
Barium is introduced into the large bowel through a catheter inserted into the rectum.  Air is often used as double contrast agent.  Buscopan is often injected intravenously as a bowel relaxing agent.

Barium swallow 

Nil per mouth for at least 6 hours before study.

Barium meal   

Nil per mouth for at least 6 hours before study.

Small Bowel follow-through / Enema 

Liquid diet 12 hours before study.  Nil per mouth 6 hours before study.

Barium enema

Follow low residue diet as prescribed.  Laxatives necessary to clear large bowel of any fecal material.

If you had previous X-Rays of the part of your body to be examined, please bring these with you. Comparing previous X-rays current ones assists in more accurate diagnosis.

Allow time to check in at the SCP reception desk before your study. You may be asked to remove your watch, jewelry, or clothing with metal closures, from the part of your body to be studied. These items could obscure part of the picture. In most cases, you will be asked to put on a gown.

Let the Radiographer know
If there is a possibly that you are pregnant.
If you did not follow the instructions as prescribed.
Medical conditions, e.g. allergies, diabetes, heart conditions and glaucoma.
Previous relevant surgical procedures

Some of these studies are uncomfortable, especially barium enemas.  By following the instructions given by the radiographer and radiologist the discomfort will be limited as far as possible.  

Sometimes patients find the consistency and chalky taste of barium unpleasant.  You may also feel bloated and sometimes even nauseous.

If a substantial amount of barium is taken per mouth or remains in the large bowel after an enema it could become impacted in the colon.  Sufficient fluid intake and a laxative (over-the-counter) after a barium study, are therefore advised to prevent constipation.
Barium may change the color of your stool to grey or white for up to 72 hours after the examination.

Follow the preparation instructions carefully for a successful examination.
Consult with your referring physician or radiologist regarding continuation of prescribed essential medication.
Follow instruction during studies as best you can.